Insulation
The primary areas in your home to insulate are the walls, attic and floors. To do the job efficiently, here are a few things you should know:
* Does your home need additional insulation material? As a general rule, if you have less than three or four inches of insulation in the attic, you should probably add additional insulating material to achieve the appropriate levels. If you find that there is no insulation in the floors or walls, adding insulation is definitely recommended.
* First, you will have to decide whether you want to tackle the insulation work yourself or to use a contractor instead. Keep in mind that some insulation work is quite a bit harder than other home improvement projects.
* If you’d like to have a contractor handle the job, make sure you get several bids. Only use a bonded and properly certified professional.
* If you do the job as a DIY project, follow installation instructions thoroughly and don’t forget to follow appropriate safety precautions.
* When purchasing insulation, check the R-value. This shows the efficiency of insulation. The larger the number the more effective the insulation.
* Choose the type of insulating material you should use. There are many different types of insulating materials available including fiberglass, cellulose, mineral wool/rock wool, rigid insulation and sprayed foam. The type of material will largely depend on the section of the house you are insulating. A knowledgeable salesperson should be able to help decide upon the best type of insulating material and R-value you need.
Windows
The thermal efficiency of windows is rated by the U-value. This number shows the window’s ability to insulate. The lower the U-value, the more efficient the window is at stopping the transfer of heat. The U-value of a window is based on the number of glass layers, the amount of of insulating space between the layers and the materials used in the window frame. A few tips include:
* Inspect windows for cracks, broken frames and seals, decayed wood, missing putty, uneven sashes, and drafts.
* For a quick but short-term fix before cold weather hits, you can pick up storm-window kits made of plastic film that you tape to the inside of your windows. The kits can usually be bought at most building supply stores for $5 to $10 for each window. They usually last from two to four years.
* You can cut down heat loss through windows by mounting insulated curtains or drapes on the window’s interior. This will help reduce heat loss during cold weather and reduce radiant heat during the dog days of summer.
* In the winter open the curtains when the sun is shining to allow passive solar heating, and, during the summer keep the curtains closed or attach an ultraviolet film to reduce the sun’s effect.
* During the warmer months, when possible, open two or more windows during nighttime and in the early hours of the morning when there is a gentle breeze. Opening a window on opposing sides of your home will aid in air circulation and offer improved cooling.
Caulking & Weather-stripping
In addition to inadequate insulation, air leaks are amongst the major causes of energy waste in homes.
* Examine your home for concealed air leaks by using a damp hand or candle flame to identify air leaks. Close all doors, windows and fireplace flues and turn off all ventilating fans to simplify the location of any air leaks.
* Caulking is best used on openings that are no larger than 1/4″ wide. If possible, use caulking that will remain flexible over a long period of years. If it will be visible, pick a tinted caulk or one that can be painted.
* If there are sizeable gaps and voids shielded from light and water, try expanding foam sealant to fill them. However, please only buy materials listed as ozone safe.
* Crack filler or backer rod, is a flexible foam product sold in lengthy coils, with a variety of diameters available. It can be used to seal larger voids. It also can be used as backing in deep gaps that are to be topped off with ordinary caulk.
* Position insulation behind electrical outlets and wall switches – potential leaks that are often overlooked.
Jim Navary has been a freelance writer and researcher for over thirty years covering a wide range of subjects. He is also a licensed real estate salesperson in the Commonwealth of Virginia specializing in real estate in the Tri-Cities area of Virginia and, in particular, Colonial Heights, Virginia, area houses for sale.